Ciprofloxacin - Best antibiotic

        INTRODUCTION:

        Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria      such as pneumonia; bronchitis; prostatitis, anthrax, chancroid; gonorrhea; endocarditis, gastroenteritis and ear, lung, throat, and urinary tract infections. Antibiotics will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Chemically, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is, 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, monohydrochloride, monohydrate. Its molecular formula is C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃·HCl·H₂O, and it has a molecular weight of 385.82.After oral administration, Ciprofloxacin given as an oral tablet is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. 

The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism. Ciprofloxacin maximum serum concentrations and area under the curve are shown in the chart for the 250 mg to 1000 mg dose range. 

The pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in the urine of pediatric patients has not been studied at this time. Until further data are available, the renal pharmacokinetic properties of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride established in adults should not be extrapolated to pediatric patients. Because Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is renaly excreted, the serum half-life is prolonged in patients with reduced renal function. 

INDICATION:

Ciprofloxacin is used to treat a number of infections, including infections of bones and joints, endocarditis, gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, anthrax, and chancroid, as well as:

·         Urinary tract infections (recommended as a first-line antibiotic)

·         Chronic bacterial prostatitis (recommended as a first-line antibiotic choice)

·         Lower respiratory tract infections (not recommended as a first-line antibiotic choice)

·         Acute sinusitis (not recommended as a first-line antibiotic choice)

·         Skin and skin structure infections

·         Bone and joint infections

·         Infectious diarrhea

SIDE EFFECTS:

Diarrhea, fever, sore throat and headache, pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, weakness, seizure (convulsions), nausea, vomiting, stomach, pain, dizziness, insomnia, numbness, tingling, or unusual pain anywhere in your body

CONSTITUENTS:

Active Substance:

Active ingredient of Xylobox Powder for Suspension 60 ml is Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride.

CAS Registry Number: [86393-32-0]

               

 Physical Characteristics of Active Substance:

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystal. Sparingly soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetic acid and methanol, very slightly soluble in dehydrate alcohol, practically insoluble in acetone, in acetonitrile, in ethyl acetate, in hexane, and in methylene chloride.

Compatibility:

As the product is designed for single active substance the incompatibility with other active substances does not arise in this preparation. The active material, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride is not incompatible with other excipients used in the formulation. 

Cefpodoxime proxetil - Best Powder for suspension --- For Child

INTRODUCTION:

Cefpodoxime proxetil is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia; bronchitis; gonorrhea; and ear, lung, throat, and urinary tract infections. Antibiotics will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. Chemically, Cefpodoxime proxetil is, (6R,7R)-7-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. Cefpodoxime proxetil is an orally absorbed broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibacterial. It is a prodrug that is de-esterified in vivo to its active metabolite, cefpodoxime. After single- and multiple-dose (12-hourly) administration of cefpodoxime proxetil in the therapeutic dose range of 100 to 400mg of cefpodoxime equivalents, average peak plasma concentrations of cefpodoxime range from 1.0 to 4.5 mg/L and occur between 1.9 and 3.1 hours after administration. The half-life of cefpodoxime ranges from 1.9 to 2.8 hours. The absolute bio-availability of cefpodoxime proxetil tablets is 50%, and absorption is enhanced by concomitant administration of food. Drug not absorbed is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract and excreted in the faeces. As expected for a drug eliminated primarily by renal excretion, the disposition of cefpodoxime is altered in patients with impaired renal function; the half-life increases, while apparent plasma clearance and renal clearance decrease. The pharmacokinetics of cefpodoxime after oral administration of cefpodoxime proxetil are not affected by age.

INDICATION:

Respiratory tract infections, for example, acute and chronic bronchitis, infected bronchiectasis, Acute bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess.

Ear, nose and throat infections, for example, sinusitis, tonsillitis and pharyngitis.

Urinary tract infections, for example, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis.

Cotitis media, Pharyngitis, and sinusitis.

Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections

Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections.

SIDE EFFECTS:

Renal dysfunction, toxic nephropathy, hepatic dysfunction including cholestasis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, serum sickness-like reaction, hemorrhage, agranulocytosis, and pancytopenia.

Physical Characteristics of Active Substance:

Cefpodoxime proxetil is a white to light brownish-white powder, odorless or having faint odor, and has bitter test. very slightly soluble in water, soluble in acetonitrile and in methanol, freely soluble in dehydrated alcohol, slightly soluble in ether.