A
Abscess - An abscess is a collection of pus usually formed
due to infection
Adsorption - Adsorption is the accumulation of molecules on
the surface of a solid or liquid
Antepartum - Occurring before the onset of labour.
Antibody - A complex protein produced in response to an
antigen (or foreign body).
Anti-D immunoglobulin - Anti-D immunoglobulin (IgG) is the
antibody formed when an RhD-negative individual is exposed to RhD-positive red
blood cells.
Antigen - Substances which stimulate the formation of
antibodies. Antigens are often large foreign molecules associated with bacteria
or viruses.
Artery - An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood from
the heart to the body
Autoimmune disorders - These are disorders in which the
immune system becomes active against certain of the body’s own proteins.
B
Bilirubin - Bilirubin is a natural product arising from the
normal breakdown of red blood cells in the body and is excreted in the bile,
through the actions of the liver.
Blood groups - Blood groups indicate the differences in our
blood types. There are four main blood groups: A, B, AB & O. These groups
are then either RhD positive or negative meaning that your blood group can be
one of eight variations.
C
Carrier - A person who carries the gene for a recessive
trait. This trait is not evident in the carrier, but may be passed on to the
carrier's children (50:50 chance of passing on the trait).
Centrifugation - Centrifugation is the process of separating
substances of different densities using a centrifuge
Chromatography - Chromatography is a process for separating
mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency
Clot - The plug that develops at a bleeding site and stops
the flow of blood.
Clotting factors - Blood is made up of a variety of
different clotting factors that help the blood to clot when an injury occurs
Coagulation - Coagulation is the process by which we stop
bleeding and form clots at the site of an injury
Concentrate - Factor VIII that has been separated from
plasma, freeze-dried and presented as a powder. It can be reconstituted with a
diluent (sterile water) and administered to people with low levels of factor
VIII.
Cryoprecipitate - Particles containing factor VIII that
precipitate or settle out when frozen plasma is thawed. Cryoprecipitate was
discovered in 1965 by Judith Pool.
D
Depth filtration - Depth filtration has several layers of
filtration to remove viruses during the production process
E
Ectopic pregnancy - This refers to pregnancy occurring
elsewhere than in the womb. The commonest site is a Fallopian tube but it may
also occur in the cervix of the womb or very rarely inside the peritoneal
cavity. It may lead to miscarriage or, more seriously, to rupture of the tube,
with pain, bleeding, and shock.
External cephalic version - This is a procedure for turning
a foetus that is lying in a breech or transverse position so that its head will
enter the birth canal first.
F
Factor VIII - A clotting factor protein needed for
coagulation. People with haemophilia A have low levels of factor VIII.
Foetus - A foetus in an unborn baby
Fractionation - Fractionation is a process that uses heat to
separate a substance into its components
G
Genetic - A genetic condition is usually something that
occurs within families and can be inherited
Globulins - A water-soluble, spheroidal class of proteins.
Globulins constitute the majority of molecular species of biologically active
proteins in living systems such as enzymes and antibodies, and are of four main
types (termed alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma).
H
Haemoglobin - Haemoglobin is a protein found in the blood
that carries oxygen and small amounts of carbon dioxide
Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn - Haemolytic Disease of
the Newborn (HDN) is caused by an incompatibility between the rhesus blood
group of the mother and foetus. HDN can be mild but can also lead to jaundice,
brain damage or even the death of the child. With further RhD-positive
children, the antibody reaction becomes faster and more serious.
Haemophilia - Haemophilia is a disorder of the blood where
there is not enough of one of the clotting factors required for blood clots to
form. Haemophilia A is the most common form of haemophilia and is a deficiency
of clotting factor 8 (VIII). Haemophilia B is a deficiency of clotting factor 9
(IX)
Hepatitis B (HBV) - HBV is a virus which causes inflammation
of the liver
Hepatitis C (HCV) - HCV is a virus which causes inflammation
of the liver
Hereditary angioedema - Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a
rare, genetic condition that can cause considerable swelling in various body
tissues.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - HIV is a virus which
attacks the immune system and prevents it from functioning. It can be
transferred from human to human via blood and bodily fluids.
I
Immune system - The immune system protects the body against
invasion by foreign organisms. The immune system has many parts, but the most
important part is played by lymphocytes (white blood cells).
Immunoglobulin - Another name for antibody. There are five
major classes: IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM and IgE.
Infusion - Administration of factor replacement concentrate.
Inhibitor - An antibody against a coagulation factor that
interferes with coagulation factor function.
Intravenous - Intravenous is the process of giving
medication directly into a vein
Ion exchange chromatography - Separates molecules on the
basis of their charge. Charged molecules become absorbed to the ion exchange
medium and are successively precipitated with increasing ion concentration.
J
Jaundice - Jaundice means the yellow appearance of the skin
and whites of the eyes that can occur when the blood contains an excess of the
pigment Bilirubin.
K
K - There are currently no definitions used starting with K
L
Low pH Treatment - Low pH treatment in a purification step
to destroy viruses during the production process.
M
Monoclonal antibody purification - A process used in the
manufacture of factor replacement concentrates in which monoclonal antibodies
are used to separate specific proteins (such as factor VIII) from other proteins.
Multipara - (pl multiparae). A woman who has given birth to
more than one child.
N
Nanofiltration - This is a method by which material is
pumped through a system of hollow fibres with an average pore size of 15nm in
order to filter out any viruses that are present.
O
On-demand treatment - The practice of administering factor
replacement concentrate in response to a bleeding episode.
P
Partitioning - Partitioning is the act of dividing or
separating
Passive immunisation - This is the application of antibodies
from an immune individual to the non-immune patient. This treatment is used
when an individual has been, or probably will be, exposed to an infectious
disease and there is insufficient time for active immunisation.
Pasteurisation - The process by which a substance is
partially sterilised at a temperature that destroys harmful micro organisms
Pathogens - Pathogens are bacteria that cause infection,
disease and illness
Pharmacovigilance - Pharmacovigliance is the science
relating to the detection, assessment, understand and prevention of adverse
effects of medicine
Plasma - Plasma is the portion of the blood that remains
after red cells, white blood cells and platelets are removed. Plasma consists
of water, salts (electrolytes), and proteins, including coagulation factors.
Plasmapheresis - Plasmapheresis is the process by which
plasma is separated from whole blood using a plasmapheresis device. The
automated process separates the plasma and then returns the remaining
components of the blood to the donor.
Platelets - A minute disc-shaped cell fragment in mammalian
blood. They play an important role in blood clotting and release serotonin,
which causes a chain of events leading to the formation of a plug of platelets
at the site of the damage, thus preventing further blood loss.
Postpartum - Relating to the period of a few days
immediately after birth.
Precipitation - Precipitation is the formation of a solid in
a solution during a chemical reaction
Primary Immunodeficiency Disease - People with primary
immunodeficiency disease (PID) are born with an immune system that doesn’t
produce enough antibodies in the blood to fight infection. Primary
immunodeficiency disorders are caused by inherent, often genetic, defects in
the cells of the immune system.
Primipara - (pl primiparae). A woman who is bearing a child
or has given birth to a child for the first time.
Prion - A prion is an infectious protein particle which is
similar to a virus
Prophylaxis - The practice of giving treatment as a
preventative measure rather than after a problem has occurred. For example
Anti-D immunoglobulin
Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) - Low-purity factor
replacement products that contain factor IX and coagulation factors II, VII and
X. PCCs may be used in patients who have developed inhibitors to factor VIII.
Q
Q - There are currently no definitions used starting with Q
R
Recombinant Plasma - Plasma formed by recombining genetic
material to product the necessary coagulation factors.
Recovered plasma - Recovered plasma is plasma taken from
whole blood donations
Rhesus Blood Group - People can belong to one of four blood
groups, A, B, AB and O which are carried on the red blood cells. The other
important difference in people’s blood is called rhesus factor, which is also found
in the red blood cells. People who are rhesus positive have a substance known
as D antigen on the surface of their red blood cells. People who are rhesus
negative do not have the D antigen on their blood cells.
Rhesus factors - Rhesus factors are proteins attached to the
surface of red blood cells (erythrocytes) that are part of the system that
determines a person’s blood group.
Rhesus sensitisation - When the blood cells from a
RhD-positive baby get into the blood of a RhD-negative woman, she will react to
the D antigen in the baby’s blood as though it is a foreign substance and will
produce antibodies. This is called ‘rhesus sensitisation’.
S
Secondary Immunodeficiency - Secondary immunodeficiency is a
problem with the immune system that is acquired and may be the result of other
serious disorders such as cancer or following a bone marrow transplantation.
Serology - Serology is the scientific study of blood serum
Solvent/detergent Treatment - Solvent/detergent treatment
destroys viruses during the production process
Source Plasma - Source plasma is when plasma is taken
directly from a donor via a process known as plasmapheresis.
Stroke - A stroke is a brain injury caused by a sudden
interruption of blood flow
T
None - None
U
U - There are currently no definitions used starting with U
V
Vitamin K - Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps in
the clotting of blood
Von Willebrand Disease - People with von Willebrand Disease
(VWD) have a problem with one of the clotting factors in the blood; this particular
clotting factor is known as von Willebrand factor (VWF).
von Willebrand factor - A protein in plasma, platelets, and
endothelial cells that serves to anchor platelets to a damaged blood vessel and
to carry coagulation factor VIII in the plasma. The von Willebrand factor binds
to factor VIII.
W
Warfarin: - an anticoagulation medication that prevents
blood clots from forming.
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